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Scientific Glossary

Key terms and concepts in cyanobacteria research, with pronunciations and visual aids.(7 terms)

7 terms found

M

Metagenomics

/MET-uh-juh-NOH-miks/

The study of genetic material from all organisms in an environment.

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A culture-independent approach that analyzes total community DNA to identify microbial diversity, metabolic potential, and functional genes within complex ecosystems.

Microbial Mat

/my-KROH-bee-uhl mat/

A layered community of microorganisms growing together on a surface.

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A structured, multi-species biofilm composed of bacteria and archaea that exhibit metabolic stratification driven by light, oxygen, and chemical gradients.

N

Nitrogen Fixation

/NY-troh-jen fik-SAY-shun/

The process of converting nitrogen gas from the air into a form organisms can use.

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A biochemical process mediated by the enzyme nitrogenase that reduces atmospheric N₂ to ammonia (NH₃), enabling biological assimilation of nitrogen.

P

Photoautotroph

/FOH-toh-AW-toh-trof/

An organism that uses sunlight to make its own food.

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An organism that captures light energy to drive carbon fixation, typically via the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle, using CO₂ as a carbon source.

Phycobiliproteins

/FYE-koh-BY-luh-PRO-teenz/

Pigments that help cyanobacteria capture light energy.

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Water-soluble accessory pigments organized in phycobilisomes that efficiently transfer light energy to chlorophyll a, especially under low-light or extreme conditions.

Pigments

/PIG-ments/

Colored molecules that help organisms absorb light or protect from sunlight.

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Light-absorbing compounds such as chlorophylls, carotenoids, and phycobiliproteins that enable photosynthesis and protect cells from photooxidative damage.

T

Thermophilic Cyanobacteria

/THER-moh-FIL-ik sigh-AN-oh-bak-TEER-ee-ah/

Cyanobacteria that grow best at high temperatures, such as those found in hot springs.

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Photosynthetic prokaryotes adapted to elevated temperatures (typically 40-75 °C) with specialized proteins, membranes, and metabolic pathways that maintain cellular stability under thermal stress.